A Retrospective Study of Covid-19 Patients: A Real-Life Experience in a Secondary Care Hospital, Jashore, Bangladesh.

Covid-19 was first detected on 8th March of 2020 in Bangladesh after the global pandemic being started. As a new virus and disease there are scarcity of data of SARS-CoV-2 and Covid-19 respectively in our country. Aim of this study is to assess the demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, underlying co-morbid conditions, treatment pattern and outcome of the SARS-CoV-2 positive patients in Jashore, Bangladesh. This retrospective study recruited 208 RT-PCR positive Covid-19 patients from 1st April 2020 to 15th May 2020 who appeared at Flu corner centre, 250 Bedded General Hospital, Jashore, Bangladesh. Data was collected online through telephone, mobile and email due to the high contagious property of Covid-19. Out of total 208 Covid-19 patients, the mean age of the participants was 37.0±15.0 years with a male and female ratio of 2.06:1. Underlying comorbidities were documented in 36.5% of total Covid-19 patents of which hypertension in 16.3%, diabetes in 14.4%, respiratory diseases in 8.7% and pre-existing coronary arterial diseases in 6.3% patients. Though 17.8% Covid-19 patients were asymptomatic, the most common symptoms were fever (68.8%), cough (30.8%), myalgia (30.8%), sore throat (22.1%), vertigo (21.6%), respiratory distress (20.7%), anorexia (17.8%), nasal congestion (16.3%), nausea or vomiting (13.9%) and diarrhoea (13.0%). Whereas, the symptomatic patients were classified as flu-like illness (77.9%), mild to moderate pneumonia (2.4%) and severe pneumonia (1.9%). Many patients (19.2%) recovered spontaneously and 22.1% patients cured by the only simple symptomatic treatment. The most commonly received antibiotics were Azithromycin and Doxycycline. Home stay management was demonstrated in 73.1% patients, whereas, 26.0% patients required general ward admission and only 0.9% patients required referral for the HDU or ICU management with an average duration of hospital stay of 16±6 days. A high satisfactory outcome was found as evident by complete recovery in 98.08% of Covid-19 patients, complications (0.48%) and fatality (1.44%) even in this secondary care center. Therefore, we can conclude that the disease was well managed with highly satisfactory outcomes even in the low resource health care setting in the early stage of Covid-19 pandemic era. Hence, the early case detection, identification of the high-risk groups and proper management may mitigate to develop complications and fatalities of Covid-19.

An Observational Study of Fixed Drug Eruption in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh.

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a distinctive pattern of cutaneous adverse drug reaction. Characteristically the eruption recurs at the same site on re exposure to the offending agent. Aim of this study was to evaluate and identification of the various offending drugs causing FDE which may help the physician to limit the associate complication regarding the drug. This observational cross sectional study was conducted from 1st June 2021 to 31st May 2022 in the department of Dermatology & Venereology of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital after taking approval from institutional ethical committee. A detailed history with clinical evaluation were done for all patients with FDE and thereby recorded in a pre designed proforma. Analysis of data was done using Microsoft Excel 2010 Spread sheet. Out of 65 cases 36(55.38%) were male and 29(44.6%) were female. Majority of cases were found in the age group of 31 to 40 years. The most common group of drug causing FDE was NSAID (52.31%) followed by antimicrobials (44.61%) and anti epileptics (3.07%). Ibuprofen (20.0%) was the most common offending drug followed by doxycycline (18.46%), diclofenac and fluconazole (13.84%), naproxen (9.23%), ciprofloxacin (7.69%), paracetamol (6.15%), metronidazole (4.61%), carbamazepine (3.07%) and aspirin (3.07%) respectively. Extremities (43.07%) were the most frequently involved site followed by trunk (29.23%) and face (10.77%). Generalized FDE found in 16.92% cases. Although FDE are very common the offending drugs show some regional variation as a result of changing trends of pharmacotherapy.

Nutritional response of rats to faba beans (Vicia faba L. minor black 'Kalimattar') and its fractions.

The investigations on protein quality of raw faba bean seed meal (Vicia faba L. minor) and its fractions were carried out using rats in two experiments. Two varieties of faba seeds were used, locally grown faba bean 'Kalimattar' or 'black' (KSM) (492 g/kg diet) and its exotic counterpart Vicia faba L. minor 'White' (VFW) obtained from International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) (540 g/kg diet). The pulverized cotyledons of 'Kalimattar' (KMC; 438 g/kg diet), hull (KMH; 78 g/kg diet) as well as cotyledons of 'White' faba bean (VFWC; 470 g/kg diet) and hull (VFWH; 82 g/kg diet) fractions were tested. All diets were made isocaloric and isonitrogenous, however, without addition of individual amino acids to the target requirements. Performance of rats fed on both locally grown KSM and exotic FBW meal-fed rats were found to be inferior to those obtained from the rats fed on standard protein diet. The net protein utilization (NPU) of the rats fed on this seed meal was comparatively better than those obtained from the VFW. Replacement of standard protein with cotyledons from the either of the seed (KMC and VFWC) depressed food intake and protein utilization. This was due, in part, to the excretion of comparatively higher amount of nitrogen in faeces. Inclusion of KMH in the diet had no adverse effects on any variable studies as compared to the VFWH, which was found to impose severe restriction on the absorption of standard protein added to this diet. As a result, body weight gain, and NPU value were significantly lower than those obtained from the KMH. We conclude that the locally grown faba bean 'Kalimattar' is better than those of exotic 'White' cultivar and may contain less antinutritional substances. However, this warrants further investigations.